Abstract
As the country with the largest Muslim population in the world, Indonesia has great potential in the halal cosmetics industry, but realising this potential still faces various obstacles. Law No. 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Guarantee requires halal certification for products, including cosmetics, but its implementation is marked by dualism of authority between BPOM and MUI, a long and expensive certification process, This study aims to identify differences in halal cosmetic regulations between Indonesia and Malaysia, as well as ASEAN standards, to explore the causes of regulatory conflicts, and to propose regulatory harmonization that could enhance halal cosmetic exports from Indonesia. Qualitative methods were employed, combining comparative legal analysis and policy network analysis. Data were obtained from an analysis of key regulations in Indonesia, Malaysia, and ASEAN, interviews with stakeholders, and secondary data, including export statistics and global industry reports. The findings confirm that halal cosmetic regulations protect Muslim consumers, in line with the maqasid asyariah. Harmonising halal cosmetic regulations by adopting halal modules in the ACD, simplifying the national certification process (integration of BPOM-MUI), and achieving cross-border recognition of halal certification are important steps to reduce regulatory barriers. The contribution of this research lies in offering a cross-border perspective that has not been previously examined in the context of halal cosmetics. In practical terms, the research findings provide policy implications for strengthening Indonesia's position in the ASEAN market, enhancing legal certainty, expanding export access, and supporting SMEs in facing global competition.
Keywords
halal cosmetics regulations - halal industry - regulatory harmonisation- ASEAN standards
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